pharmacy-pos-qr-system/backend/sqlite_graph_example.py

"""
SQLite-Graph를 사용한 PubMed GraphRAG 구현

기존 SQL JOIN → Cypher 쿼리로 변환
훨씬 간단하고 직관적인 그래프 탐색
"""

import sys
import os

# UTF-8 인코딩 강제
if sys.platform == 'win32':
    import io
    sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-8')
    sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stderr.buffer, encoding='utf-8')

import sqlite3
try:
    import sqlite_graph
except ImportError:
    print("[WARNING] sqlite-graph 미설치. 설치: pip install sqlite-graph")
    print("[INFO] 기존 SQL로 데모 실행합니다.")
    sqlite_graph = None


# ============================================================
# SQLite-Graph 초기화
# ============================================================

def init_graph_db():
    """SQLite-Graph 데이터베이스 초기화"""

    db_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'db', 'knowledge_graph.db')
    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)

    if sqlite_graph:
        # SQLite-Graph 확장 로드
        sqlite_graph.load(conn)

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    try:
        # 그래프 테이블 생성 (SQLite-Graph 사용 시)
        if sqlite_graph:
            cursor.execute("""
                CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS graph
                USING graph_table()
            """)

        print("[OK] 그래프 DB 초기화 완료")
        return conn

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[ERROR] 초기화 실패: {e}")
        return conn


# ============================================================
# 데이터 삽입: Cypher vs SQL 비교
# ============================================================

def insert_data_with_cypher(conn):
    """Cypher로 노드와 관계 생성"""

    if not sqlite_graph:
        print("[SKIP] sqlite-graph 미설치")
        return

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
    print("Cypher로 지식 그래프 구축")
    print("=" * 80)

    # 1. 노드 생성
    cypher_create_nodes = """
    CREATE
        (statin:Drug {name: 'Statin', type: 'HMG-CoA inhibitor'}),
        (coq10:Drug {name: 'CoQ10', type: 'Supplement'}),
        (myopathy:Condition {name: 'Myopathy', description: '근육병증'}),
        (htn:PatientProfile {name: 'Patient_with_HTN', description: '고혈압 환자'}),
        (naproxen:Drug {name: 'Naproxen', type: 'NSAID'}),
        (ibuprofen:Drug {name: 'Ibuprofen', type: 'NSAID'}),
        (pmid1:Evidence {pmid: '30371340', title: 'CoQ10 for Statin Myopathy', reliability: 0.95}),
        (pmid2:Evidence {pmid: '27959716', title: 'CV Safety of NSAIDs', reliability: 0.99})
    """

    try:
        cursor.execute(f"SELECT graph_cypher('{cypher_create_nodes}')")
        print("✅ 노드 생성 완료")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"⚠️ Cypher 노드 생성 실패 (확장 버전 확인 필요): {e}")

    # 2. 관계 생성
    cypher_create_relationships = """
    MATCH
        (statin:Drug {name: 'Statin'}),
        (coq10:Drug {name: 'CoQ10'}),
        (myopathy:Condition {name: 'Myopathy'}),
        (pmid1:Evidence {pmid: '30371340'})
    CREATE
        (statin)-[:INHIBITS {mechanism: 'HMG-CoA pathway'}]->(coq10),
        (coq10)-[:REDUCES {effect_size: -1.60, p_value: 0.001}]->(myopathy),
        (pmid1)-[:SUPPORTS]->(coq10)-[:REDUCES]->(myopathy)
    """

    try:
        cursor.execute(f"SELECT graph_cypher('{cypher_create_relationships}')")
        print("✅ 관계 생성 완료")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"⚠️ Cypher 관계 생성 실패: {e}")

    conn.commit()


def insert_data_with_sql(conn):
    """기존 SQL 방식으로 데이터 삽입 (비교용)"""

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
    print("SQL로 지식 그래프 구축 (기존 방식)")
    print("=" * 80)

    try:
        # Entities 테이블 생성
        cursor.execute("""
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS entities (
                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
                type TEXT NOT NULL,
                properties TEXT
            )
        """)

        # Relationships 테이블 생성
        cursor.execute("""
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS relationships (
                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                subject_id INTEGER,
                predicate TEXT,
                object_id INTEGER,
                properties TEXT,
                FOREIGN KEY (subject_id) REFERENCES entities(id),
                FOREIGN KEY (object_id) REFERENCES entities(id)
            )
        """)

        # 샘플 데이터 삽입
        entities = [
            ('Statin', 'Drug', '{"description": "HMG-CoA inhibitor"}'),
            ('CoQ10', 'Drug', '{"description": "Supplement"}'),
            ('Myopathy', 'Condition', '{"description": "근육병증"}'),
            ('Naproxen', 'Drug', '{"type": "NSAID"}'),
            ('Ibuprofen', 'Drug', '{"type": "NSAID"}'),
        ]

        for name, entity_type, props in entities:
            cursor.execute("""
                INSERT OR IGNORE INTO entities (name, type, properties)
                VALUES (?, ?, ?)
            """, (name, entity_type, props))

        # 관계 삽입
        cursor.execute("""
            INSERT OR IGNORE INTO relationships (subject_id, predicate, object_id, properties)
            SELECT
                (SELECT id FROM entities WHERE name='Statin'),
                'INHIBITS',
                (SELECT id FROM entities WHERE name='CoQ10'),
                '{"mechanism": "HMG-CoA pathway"}'
        """)

        cursor.execute("""
            INSERT OR IGNORE INTO relationships (subject_id, predicate, object_id, properties)
            SELECT
                (SELECT id FROM entities WHERE name='CoQ10'),
                'REDUCES',
                (SELECT id FROM entities WHERE name='Myopathy'),
                '{"effect_size": -1.60, "p_value": 0.001}'
        """)

        conn.commit()
        print("✅ SQL 데이터 삽입 완료")

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[ERROR] SQL 삽입 실패: {e}")


# ============================================================
# 쿼리 비교: Cypher vs SQL
# ============================================================

def query_with_cypher(conn):
    """Cypher로 그래프 쿼리"""

    if not sqlite_graph:
        print("[SKIP] sqlite-graph 미설치")
        return

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
    print("Cypher 쿼리 예시")
    print("=" * 80)

    # 예시 1: 2-hop 경로 탐색
    print("\n[쿼리 1] Statin → ? → Myopathy 경로 찾기")
    cypher_query_1 = """
    MATCH (statin:Drug {name: 'Statin'})-[r1]->(middle)-[r2]->(myopathy:Condition {name: 'Myopathy'})
    RETURN statin.name, type(r1), middle.name, type(r2), myopathy.name
    """

    try:
        cursor.execute(f"SELECT graph_cypher('{cypher_query_1}')")
        results = cursor.fetchall()
        for row in results:
            print(f"  {row}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"  ⚠️ 쿼리 실패: {e}")

    # 예시 2: 특정 약물의 모든 관계
    print("\n[쿼리 2] Naproxen의 모든 관계 찾기")
    cypher_query_2 = """
    MATCH (naproxen:Drug {name: 'Naproxen'})-[r]->(target)
    RETURN naproxen.name, type(r), target.name
    """

    try:
        cursor.execute(f"SELECT graph_cypher('{cypher_query_2}')")
        results = cursor.fetchall()
        for row in results:
            print(f"  {row}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"  ⚠️ 쿼리 실패: {e}")

    # 예시 3: 근거가 있는 관계만 필터링
    print("\n[쿼리 3] 근거(Evidence)가 있는 약물-증상 관계")
    cypher_query_3 = """
    MATCH (drug:Drug)-[treats:REDUCES]->(condition:Condition)<-[:SUPPORTS]-(evidence:Evidence)
    WHERE evidence.reliability > 0.9
    RETURN drug.name, condition.name, evidence.pmid, evidence.reliability
    """

    try:
        cursor.execute(f"SELECT graph_cypher('{cypher_query_3}')")
        results = cursor.fetchall()
        for row in results:
            print(f"  {row}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"  ⚠️ 쿼리 실패: {e}")


def query_with_sql(conn):
    """기존 SQL로 동일한 쿼리 수행 (비교용)"""

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
    print("SQL 쿼리 예시 (기존 방식)")
    print("=" * 80)

    # 예시 1: 2-hop 경로 (복잡한 JOIN)
    print("\n[쿼리 1] Statin → ? → Myopathy 경로 찾기 (SQL)")
    sql_query_1 = """
    SELECT
        e1.name AS start,
        r1.predicate AS rel1,
        e2.name AS middle,
        r2.predicate AS rel2,
        e3.name AS end
    FROM relationships r1
    JOIN entities e1 ON r1.subject_id = e1.id
    JOIN entities e2 ON r1.object_id = e2.id
    JOIN relationships r2 ON r2.subject_id = e2.id
    JOIN entities e3 ON r2.object_id = e3.id
    WHERE e1.name = 'Statin'
      AND e3.name = 'Myopathy'
    """

    try:
        cursor.execute(sql_query_1)
        results = cursor.fetchall()
        for row in results:
            print(f"  {row}")
        if not results:
            print("  (결과 없음)")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"  ⚠️ 쿼리 실패: {e}")


# ============================================================
# 그래프 알고리즘 예시 (SQLite-Graph 기능)
# ============================================================

def graph_algorithms(conn):
    """SQLite-Graph의 내장 그래프 알고리즘 사용"""

    if not sqlite_graph:
        print("[SKIP] sqlite-graph 미설치")
        return

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
    print("그래프 알고리즘")
    print("=" * 80)

    try:
        # 노드 개수
        cursor.execute("SELECT graph_count_nodes()")
        node_count = cursor.fetchone()[0]
        print(f"총 노드 수: {node_count}")

        # 엣지 개수
        cursor.execute("SELECT graph_count_edges()")
        edge_count = cursor.fetchone()[0]
        print(f"총 엣지 수: {edge_count}")

        # 그래프 밀도
        cursor.execute("SELECT graph_density()")
        density = cursor.fetchone()[0]
        print(f"그래프 밀도: {density:.4f}")

        # Degree Centrality (중심성)
        print("\n노드별 중심성:")
        cursor.execute("""
            SELECT node_name, graph_degree_centrality(node_name)
            FROM (SELECT DISTINCT name AS node_name FROM entities)
            ORDER BY graph_degree_centrality(node_name) DESC
            LIMIT 5
        """)
        for row in cursor.fetchall():
            print(f"  {row[0]}: {row[1]:.4f}")

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"⚠️ 알고리즘 실행 실패: {e}")


# ============================================================
# 실제 추천 시스템 예시
# ============================================================

def recommend_with_graph(conn, patient_conditions, symptom):
    """
    SQLite-Graph + Cypher로 약물 추천

    장점:
    - 추론 경로 탐색이 매우 간단
    - 다단계 관계 쿼리가 직관적
    """

    if not sqlite_graph:
        print("\n[INFO] SQLite-Graph 미설치 시 기존 SQL 사용")
        return recommend_with_sql(conn, patient_conditions, symptom)

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
    print(f"약물 추천: 환자({patient_conditions}) → 증상({symptom})")
    print("=" * 80)

    # Cypher로 추천 약물 찾기
    cypher_recommend = f"""
    MATCH (drug:Drug)-[treats:TREATS|REDUCES]->(condition:Condition {{name: '{symptom}'}})
    WHERE NOT (drug)-[:CONTRAINDICATED_IN]->(:PatientProfile {{name: 'Patient_with_{patient_conditions[0]}'}})
    RETURN drug.name, treats.effect_size, treats.p_value
    ORDER BY treats.effect_size DESC
    """

    try:
        cursor.execute(f"SELECT graph_cypher('{cypher_recommend}')")
        results = cursor.fetchall()

        if results:
            print(f"\n✅ 추천 약물:")
            for row in results:
                print(f"  - {row[0]} (효과: {row[1]}, P-value: {row[2]})")
        else:
            print("  (추천 결과 없음)")

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"⚠️ 추천 실패: {e}")


def recommend_with_sql(conn, patient_conditions, symptom):
    """기존 SQL 방식 추천 (비교용)"""

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    print("\n[SQL 방식 추천]")

    sql_recommend = """
    SELECT
        e1.name AS drug,
        r.properties
    FROM relationships r
    JOIN entities e1 ON r.subject_id = e1.id
    JOIN entities e2 ON r.object_id = e2.id
    WHERE r.predicate IN ('TREATS', 'REDUCES')
      AND e2.name = ?
      AND e1.id NOT IN (
          SELECT subject_id
          FROM relationships
          WHERE predicate = 'CONTRAINDICATED_IN'
      )
    """

    try:
        cursor.execute(sql_recommend, (symptom,))
        results = cursor.fetchall()

        if results:
            print(f"\n✅ 추천 약물:")
            for row in results:
                print(f"  - {row[0]}")
        else:
            print("  (추천 결과 없음)")

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"⚠️ 추천 실패: {e}")


# ============================================================
# 비교 요약
# ============================================================

def print_comparison():
    """Cypher vs SQL 비교"""

    print("\n\n" + "=" * 80)
    print("SQLite-Graph (Cypher) vs 기존 SQL 비교")
    print("=" * 80)

    comparison = """
┌─────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│      항목           │   SQLite-Graph (Cypher)  │      기존 SQL            │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ 그래프 탐색         │  ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ (직관적)    │  ⭐⭐ (복잡한 JOIN)     │
│ 2-hop 쿼리          │  MATCH (a)-[]->(b)-[]->(c) │ 3-way JOIN 필요         │
│ N-hop 경로 찾기     │  매우 쉬움                │  재귀 CTE 필요           │
│ 추론 경로 생성      │  자동 (RETURN path)       │  수동 구현 필요          │
│ 성능 (작은 그래프)  │  비슷                     │  비슷                    │
│ 성능 (큰 그래프)    │  더 빠름 (최적화됨)       │  JOIN 오버헤드           │
│ 배포                │  확장 설치 필요           │  SQLite만 있으면 됨      │
│ 학습 곡선           │  Cypher 학습 필요         │  SQL 익숙함              │
│ GraphRAG 적합성     │  ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐             │  ⭐⭐⭐                 │
└─────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘

【결론】
✅ SQLite-Graph 사용 권장:
   - GraphRAG 추론 경로 생성이 매우 간단
   - Cypher의 표현력이 뛰어남
   - 그래프 알고리즘 내장 (중심성, 밀도 등)

❌ 기존 SQL 유지가 나은 경우:
   - 배포 환경에서 확장 설치 불가
   - 팀원들이 Cypher에 익숙하지 않음
   - 그래프가 매우 단순함
    """

    print(comparison)


# ============================================================
# MAIN
# ============================================================

def main():
    """메인 실행"""

    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
    print("SQLite-Graph 데모: PubMed GraphRAG")
    print("=" * 80)

    # 1. DB 초기화
    conn = init_graph_db()

    # 2. 데이터 삽입 (Cypher vs SQL 비교)
    if sqlite_graph:
        insert_data_with_cypher(conn)
    insert_data_with_sql(conn)

    # 3. 쿼리 비교
    if sqlite_graph:
        query_with_cypher(conn)
    query_with_sql(conn)

    # 4. 그래프 알고리즘
    if sqlite_graph:
        graph_algorithms(conn)

    # 5. 추천 시스템 예시
    patient_conditions = ['HTN']
    symptom = 'Myopathy'
    recommend_with_graph(conn, patient_conditions, symptom)

    # 6. 비교 요약
    print_comparison()

    conn.close()

    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
    print("데모 완료")
    print("=" * 80)

    if not sqlite_graph:
        print("\n[TIP] SQLite-Graph 설치: pip install sqlite-graph")
        print("       GitHub: https://github.com/agentflare-ai/sqlite-graph")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()